Valves and fittings on a pipe also contribute to the overall head loss that occurs, however these must be calculated separately to the pipe wall friction loss, using a method of modeling pipe fitting losses with k factors. Size of the internal pipe diameter, the internal roughness of the inner surface of the pipe, the change inĮlevation between the ends of the pipe and the length of the pipe along which the fluid travels. Overall head loss in a pipe is affected by a number of factors which include the viscosity of the fluid, the Most of this work has been developed based on experimental data. This resistance is termed pipe friction and is usually measured in feet or metres head of the fluid, which is why it is also refered to as the head loss due to pipe friction.Ī large amount of research has been carried out over many years to establish various formulae that can calculate head loss in a pipe. Flow of fluid through a pipe is resisted by viscous shear stresses within the fluid and the turbulence that occurs along the internal pipe wall, which is dependent on the roughness of the pipe material.
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